Notes: The purification of impurities (kalmaṣa) through introspective reflection is a critical practice. Three root pollutions — attachment (rāga), aversion (dveṣa), and ignorance (avidya) — lead to a myriad of corrupted mental states and behaviors. Attachment becomes desire, greed, clinging, etc. Aversion becomes hatred, repulsion, resentment, etc. Ignorance becomes bewilderment, deception, cognitive bias, etc. In the sphere of the ego, these three corrupting roots become pride, envy, and self-absorption. Attachment is countered with detachment and generosity. Aversion is countered with acceptance and kindness. Ignorance is countered with insight and wisdom generated from the unveiling of truth and actuality.